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The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. This formula indicates that one molecule of glucose consists of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms, which is characteristic of simple sugars known as hexoses. Glucose serves as a primary energy source for cells and plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes.

The structure of glucose includes a hexagonal arrangement of the six carbon atoms, contributing to its designation as a hexose. The number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms present reflects the typical ratio found in carbohydrates. Being a simple sugar, glucose is essential for life, providing energy through cellular respiration.

Other options do not correspond to the correct molecular formula for glucose. For instance, C₅H₁₀O₅ suggests a five-carbon sugar, or pentose, instead of a hexose. C₆H₁₀O₆ and C₆H₁₄O₆ present incorrect ratios of hydrogen relative to carbon and oxygen, as the structure and chemical properties of glucose require twelve hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valency of the carbon and the bonding with oxygen.